10 ML rituximab 10 MG/ML Injection — CD20 (Clusters of Differentiation 20) inhibitors. INDICATIONS AND USAGE RITUXAN is a CD20-directed cytolytic antibody indicated for the treatment of: Adult patients with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) (
Boxed warning
WARNING: FATAL INFUSION-RELATED REACTIONS, SEVERE MUCOCUTANEOUS REACTIONS, HEPATITIS B VIRUS REACTIVATION and PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY (PML) WARNING: FATAL INFUSION-RELATED REACTIONS, SEVERE MUCOCUTANEOUS REACTIONS, HEPATITIS B VIRUS REACTIVATION and PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Fatal infusion-related reactions within 24 hours of rituximab infusion; approximately 80% of fatal reactions occurred with first infusion. Monitor patients and discontinue TRUXIMA infusion for severe reactions ( 5.1 ). Severe mucocutaneous reactions, some with fatal outcomes ( 5.2 ). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation, in some cases resulting in fulminant hepatitis, hepatic failure, and death ( 5.3 ). Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) resulting in death ( 5.4 ). Infusion-Related Reactions Administration of rituximab products, including TRUXIMA, can result in serious, including fatal, infusion-related reactions. Deaths within 24 hours of rituximab infusion have occurred. Approximately 80% of fatal infusion-related reactions occurred in association with the first infusion. Monitor patients closely. Discontinue TRUXIMA infusion for severe reactions and provide medical treatment for Grade 3 or 4 infusion-related reactions [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) , Adverse Reactions (6.1) ]. Severe Mucocutaneous Reactions Severe, including fatal, mucocutaneous reactions can occur in patients receiving rituximab products [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ]. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Reactivation HBV reactivation can occur in patients treated with rituximab products, in some cases resulting in fulminant hepatitis, hepatic failure, and death. Screen all patients for HBV infection before treatment initiation, and monitor patients during and after treatment with TRUXIMA. Discontinue TRUXIMA and concomitant medications in the event of HBV reactivation [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ]. Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML), including fatal PML, can occur in patients receiving rituximab products [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) and Adverse Reactions (6.1) ].
CD20 (Clusters of Differentiation 20) inhibitorsCD20-directed Cytolytic Antibody
Drug interactions
Rituximab may cause renal toxicity when used with cisplatin.
majorcisplatin — renal toxicity
Indications
INDICATIONS AND USAGE RITUXAN is a CD20-directed cytolytic antibody indicated for the treatment of: Adult patients with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) ( 1.1 ). Relapsed or refractory, low grade or follicular, CD20-positive B-cell NHL as a single agent. Previously untreated follicular, CD20-positive, B-cell NHL in combination with first line chemotherapy and, in patients achieving a complete or partial response to a rituximab product in combination with chemotherapy, as single-agent maintenance therapy. Non-progressing (including stable disease), low-grade, CD20-positive, B-cell NHL as a single agent after first-line cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (CVP) chemotherapy. Previously untreated diffuse large B-cell, CD20-positive NHL in combination with (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) (CHOP) or other anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimens. Pediatric patients aged 6 months and older with mature B-cell NHL and mature B-cell acute leukemia (B-AL) ( 1.1 ) Previously untreated, advanced stage, CD20-positive, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), Burkitt-like lymphoma (BLL) or mature B-cell acute leukemia (B-AL) in combination with chemotherapy. Adult patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) ( 1.2 ). Previously untreated and previously treated CD20-positive CLL in combination with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC). Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in combination with methotrexate in adult patients with moderately-to severely-active RA who have inadequate response to one or more TNF antagonist therapies ( 1.3 ). Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) (Wegener's Granulomatosis) and Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA) in adult and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older in combination with glucocorticoids ( 1.4 ). Moderate to severe Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) in adult patients ( 1.5 ). 1.1 Non–Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) RITUXAN is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with: Relapsed or refractory, low-grade or follicular, CD20-positive, B-cell NHL as a single agent. Previously untreated follicular, CD20-positive, B-cell NHL in combination with first line chemotherapy and, in patients achieving a complete or partial response to a rituximab product in combination with chemotherapy, as single-agent maintenance therapy. Non-progressing (including stable disease), low-grade, CD20-positive, B-cell NHL as a single agent after first-line cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (CVP) chemotherapy. Previously untreated diffuse large B-cell, CD20-positive NHL in combination with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone (CHOP) or other anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimens. RITUXAN is indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients aged 6 months and older with: Previously untreated, advanced stage, CD20-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), Burkitt-like lymphoma (BLL) or mature B-cell acute leukemia (B-AL) in combination with chemotherapy. 1.2 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) RITUXAN, in combination with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC), is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously untreated and previously treated CD20-positive CLL. 1.3 Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) RITUXAN, in combination with methotrexate, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately- to severely-active rheumatoid arthritis who have had an inadequate response to one or more TNF antagonist therapies. 1.4 Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) (Wegener's Granulomatosis) and Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA) RITUXAN, in combination with glucocorticoids, is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) (Wegener's Granulomatosis) and Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA). 1.5 Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) RITUXAN is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderate to severe pemphigus vulgaris.
Dosage
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Administer only as an intravenous infusion ( 2.1 ). Do not administer as an intravenous push or bolus ( 2.1 ). TRUXIMA should only be administered by a healthcare professional with appropriate medical support to manage severe infusion-related reactions that can be fatal if they occur( 2.1 ). The dose for NHL is 375 mg/m 2 ( 2.2 ). The dose for CLL is 375 mg/m 2 in the first cycle and 500 mg/m 2 in cycles 2-6, in combination with FC, administered every 28 days ( 2.3 ). The dose as a component of Zevalin ® (ibritumomab tiuxetan) Therapeutic Regimen is 250 mg/m 2 ( 2.4 ). The dose for RA in combination with methotrexate is two-1000 mg intravenous infusions separated by 2 weeks (one course) every 24 weeks or based on clinical evaluation, but not sooner than every 16 weeks. Methylprednisolone 100 mg intravenous or equivalent glucocorticoid is recommended 30 minutes prior to each infusion ( 2.5 ). The induction dose for adult patients with active GPA and MPA in combination with glucocorticoids is 375 mg/m2 once weekly for 4 weeks. The follow up dose for adult patients with GPA and MPA who have achieved disease control with induction treatment, in combination with glucocorticoids is two 500 mg intravenous infusions separated by two weeks, followed by a 500 mg intravenous infusion every 6 months thereafter based on clinical evaluation ( 2.6 ). The dose for PV is two-1,000 mg intravenous infusions separated by 2 weeks in combination with a tapering course of glucocorticoids, then a 500 mg intravenous infusion at Month 12 and every 6 months thereafter or based on clinical evaluation. Dose upon relapse is a 1,000 mg intravenous infusion with considerations to resume or increase the glucocorticoid dose based on clinical evaluation. Subsequent infusions may be no sooner than 16 weeks after the previous infusion ( 2.7 ). Methylprednisolone 100 mg intravenous or equivalent glucocorticoid is recommended 30 minutes prior to each infusion ( 2.8 ). 2.1 Important Dosing Information Administer only as an Intravenous Infusion [ see Dosage and Administration (2.8) ]. Do not administer as an intravenous push or bolus. TRUXIMA should only be administered by a healthcare professional with appropriate medical support to manage severe infusion-related reactions that can be fatal if they occur [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Premedicate before each infusion [ see Dosage and Administration (2.8) ]. Prior to First Infusion: Screen all patients for HBV infection by measuring HBsAg and anti-HBc before initiating treatment with TRUXIMA [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] . Obtain complete blood counts (CBC) including platelets prior to the first dose. During TRUXIMA Therapy: In patients with lymphoid malignancies, during treatment with TRUXIMA monotherapy, obtain complete blood counts (CBC) with differential and platelet counts prior to each TRUXIMA course. During treatment with TRUXIMA and chemotherapy, obtain CBC with differential and platelet counts at weekly to monthly intervals and more frequently in patients who develop cytopenias [ see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] . In patients with RA, GPA or MPA, obtain CBC with differential and platelet counts at two to four month intervals during TRUXIMA therapy. Continue to monitor for cytopenias after final dose and until resolution. First Infusion : Initiate infusion at a rate of 50 mg/hr. In the absence of infusion toxicity, increase infusion rate by 50 mg/hr increments every 30 minutes, to a maximum of 400 mg/hr. Subsequent Infusions : Standard Infusion: Initiate infusion at a rate of 100 mg/hr. In the absence of infusion toxicity, increase rate by 100 mg/hr increments at 30-minute intervals, to a maximum of 400 mg/hr. For previously untreated follicular NHL and DLBCL patients : If patients did not experience a Grade 3 or 4 infusion related adverse event during Cycle 1, a 90-minute infusion can be administered in Cycle 2 with a glucocorticoid-containing chemotherapy regimen. Initiate at a rate of 20% of the total dose given in the first 30 minutes and the remaining 80% of the total dose given over the next 60 minutes. If the 90-minute infusion is tolerated in Cycle 2, the same rate can be used when administering the remainder of the treatment regimen (through Cycle 6 or 8). Patients who have clinically significant cardiovascular disease or who have a circulating lymphocyte count ≥5000/mm 3 before Cycle 2 should not be administered the 90-minute infusion [ see Clinical Studies (14.4) ]. Interrupt the infusion or slow the infusion rate for infusion-related reactions [ see Boxed Warning , Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Continue the infusion at one-half the previous rate upon improvement of symptoms. 2.2 Recommended Dose for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) The recommended dose is 375 mg/m 2 as an intravenous infusion according to the following schedules: Relapsed or Refractory, Low-Grade or Follicular, CD20-Positive, B-Cell NHL Administer once weekly for 4 or 8 doses. Retreatment for Relapsed or Refractory, Low-Grade or Follicular, CD20-Positive, B-Cell NHL Administer once weekly for 4 doses. Previously Untreated, Follicular, CD20-Positive, B-Cell NHL Administer on Day 1 of each cycle of chemotherapy for up to 8 doses. In patients with complete or partial response, initiate TRUXIMA maintenance eight weeks following completion of a rituximab product in combination with chemotherapy. Administer TRUXIMA as a single-agent every 8 weeks for 12 doses. Non-progressing, Low-Grade, CD20-Positive, B-Cell NHL, after first-line CVP chemotherapy Following completion of 6–8 cycles of CVP chemotherapy, administer once weekly for 4 doses at 6-month intervals to a maximum of 16 doses. Diffuse Large B-Cell NHL Administer on Day 1 of each cycle of chemotherapy for up to 8 infusions. 2.3 Recommended Dose for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) The recommended dose is: 375 mg/m 2 the day prior to the initiation of FC chemotherapy, then 500 mg/m 2 on Day 1 of cycles 2-6 (every 28 days). 2.4 Recommended Dose as a Component of Zevalin ® for treatment of NHL When used as part of the Zevalin therapeutic regimen, infuse 250 mg/m 2 in accordance with the Zevalin package insert. Refer to the Zevalin package insert for full prescribing information regarding the Zevalin therapeutic regimen. 2.5 Recommended Dose for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Administer TRUXIMA as two-1000 mg intravenous infusions separated by 2 weeks. Glucocorticoids administered as methylprednisolone 100 mg intravenous or its equivalent 30 minutes prior to each infusion are recommended to reduce the incidence and severity of infusion-related reactions. Subsequent courses should be administered every 24 weeks or based on clinical evaluation, but not sooner than every 16 weeks. TRUXIMA is given in combination with methotrexate. 2.6 Recommended Dose for Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) (Wegener’s Granulomatosis) and Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA) Induction Treatment of Adult Patients with Active GPA/MPA Administer TRUXIMA as a 375 mg/m2 intravenous infusion once weekly for 4 weeks for patients with active GPA or MPA. Glucocorticoids administered as methylprednisolone 1000 mg intravenously per day for 1 to 3 days followed by oral prednisone as per clinical practice. This regimen should begin within 14 days prior to or with the initiation of TRUXIMA and may continue during and after the 4 week induction course of TRUXIMA treatment. Follow up Treatment of Adult Patients with GPA/MPA who have achieved disease control with induction treatment Administer TRUXIMA as two 500 mg intravenous infusions separated by two weeks, followed by a 500 mg intravenous infusion every 6 months thereafter based on clinical evaluation. If induction treatment of active disease was with a rituximab product, initiate follow up treatment with TRUXIMA within 24 weeks after the last induction infusion with a rituximab product or based on clinical evaluation, but no sooner than 16 weeks after the
Warnings
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Tumor lysis syndrome: Administer aggressive intravenous hydration, anti-hyperuricemic agents, monitor renal function ( 5.5 ). Infections: Withhold TRUXIMA and institute appropriate anti-infective therapy ( 5.6 ). Cardiac adverse reactions: Discontinue infusions in case of serious or life-threatening events ( 5.7 ). Renal toxicity: Discontinue in patients with rising serum creatinine or oliguria ( 5.8 ). Bowel obstruction and perforation: Consider and evaluate for abdominal pain, vomiting, or related symptoms ( 5.9 ). Immunizations: Live virus vaccinations prior to or during TRUXIMA treatment not recommended ( 5.10 ). Embryo-Fetal toxicity: Can cause fetal harm. Advise females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus and use of effective contraception ( 5.11 ). 5.1 Infusion-Related Reactions Rituximab products can cause severe, including fatal, infusion-related reactions. Severe reactions typically occurred during the first infusion with time to onset of 30 to 120 minutes. Rituximab product-induced infusion-related reactions and sequelae include urticaria, hypotension, angioedema, hypoxia, bronchospasm, pulmonary infiltrates, acute respiratory distress syndrome, myocardial infarction, ventricular fibrillation, cardiogenic shock, anaphylactoid events, or death. Premedicate patients with an antihistamine and acetaminophen prior to dosing. For RA, GPA and MPA, and PV patients, methylprednisolone 100 mg intravenously or its equivalent is recommended 30 minutes prior to each infusion. Institute medical management (e.g., glucocorticoids, epinephrine, bronchodilators, or oxygen) for infusion-related reactions as needed. Depending on the severity of the infusion-related reaction and the required interventions, temporarily or permanently discontinue TRUXIMA. Resume infusion at a minimum 50% reduction in rate after symptoms have resolved. Closely monitor the following patients: those with pre-existing cardiac or pulmonary conditions, those who experienced prior cardiopulmonary adverse reactions, and those with high numbers of circulating malignant cells (greater than or equal to 25,000/mm3) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) , Adverse Reactions (6.1) ]. 5.2 Severe Mucocutaneous Reactions Mucocutaneous reactions, some with fatal outcome, can occur in patients treated with rituximab products. These reactions include paraneoplastic pemphigus, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, lichenoid dermatitis, vesiculobullous dermatitis, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. The onset of these reactions has been variable and includes reports with onset on the first day of rituximab exposure. Discontinue TRUXIMA in patients who experience a severe mucocutaneous reaction. The safety of re-administration of rituximab products to patients with severe mucocutaneous reactions has not been determined. 5.3 Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation (HBV) Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation, in some cases resulting in fulminant hepatitis, hepatic failure and death, can occur in patients treated with drugs classified as CD20-directed cytolytic antibodies, including rituximab products. Cases have been reported in patients who are hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive and also in patients who are HBsAg negative but are hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) positive. Reactivation also has occurred in patients who appear to have resolved hepatitis B infection (i.e., HBsAg negative, anti-HBc positive and hepatitis B surface antibody [anti-HBs] positive). HBV reactivation is defined as an abrupt increase in HBV replication manifesting as a rapid increase in serum HBV DNA levels or detection of HBsAg in a person who was previously HBsAg negative and anti-HBc positive. Reactivation of HBV replication is often followed by hepatitis, i.e., increase in transaminase levels. In severe cases increase in bilirubin levels, liver failure, and death can occur. Screen all patients for HBV infection by measuring HBsAg and anti-HBc before initiating treatment with TRUXIMA. For patients who show evidence of prior hepatitis B infection (HBsAg positive [regardless of antibody status] or HBsAg negative but anti-HBc positive), consult with physicians with expertise in managing hepatitis B regarding monitoring and consideration for HBV antiviral therapy before and/or during TRUXIMA treatment. Monitor patients with evidence of current or prior HBV infection for clinical and laboratory signs of hepatitis or HBV reactivation during and for several months following rituximab therapy. HBV reactivation has been reported up to 24 months following completion of TRUXIMA therapy. In patients who develop reactivation of HBV while on TRUXIMA, immediately discontinue TRUXIMA and any concomitant chemotherapy, and institute appropriate treatment. Insufficient data exist regarding the safety of resuming TRUXIMA treatment in patients who develop HBV reactivation. Resumption of TRUXIMA treatment in patients whose HBV reactivation resolves should be discussed with physicians with expertise in managing HBV. 5.4 Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) JC virus infection resulting in PML and death can occur in rituximab product-treated patients with hematologic malignancies or with autoimmune diseases. The majority of patients with hematologic malignancies diagnosed with PML received rituximab in combination with chemotherapy or as part of a hematopoietic stem cell transplant. The patients with autoimmune diseases had prior or concurrent immunosuppressive therapy. Most cases of PML were diagnosed within 12 months of their last infusion of rituximab. Consider the diagnosis of PML in any patient presenting with new-onset neurologic manifestations. Evaluation of PML includes, but is not limited to, consultation with a neurologist, brain MRI, and lumbar puncture. Discontinue TRUXIMA and consider discontinuation or reduction of any concomitant chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy in patients who develop PML. 5.5 Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) Acute renal failure, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hyperuricemia, or hyperphosphatemia from tumor lysis, sometimes fatal, can occur within 12-24 hours after the first infusion of rituximab products in patients with NHL. A high number of circulating malignant cells ( ≥25,000/mm3) or high tumor burden, confers a greater risk of TLS. Administer aggressive intravenous hydration and anti-hyperuricemic therapy in patients at high risk for TLS. Correct electrolyte abnormalities, monitor renal function and fluid balance, and administer supportive care, including dialysis as indicated [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ]. 5.6 Infections Serious, including fatal, bacterial, fungal, and new or reactivated viral infections can occur during and following the completion of rituximab product-based therapy. Infections have been reported in some patients with prolonged hypogammaglobulinemia (defined as hypogammaglobulinemia >11 months after rituximab exposure). New or reactivated viral infections included cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, parvovirus B19, varicella zoster virus, West Nile virus, and hepatitis B and C. Discontinue TRUXIMA for serious infections and institute appropriate anti-infective therapy.[ seeAdverse Reactions ( 6.1 , 6.2 ) ]. TRUXIMA is not recommended for use in patients with severe, active infections. 5.7 Cardiovascular Adverse Reactions Cardiac adverse reactions, including ventricular fibrillation, myocardial infarction, and cardiogenic shock may occur in patients receiving rituximab products. Discontinue infusions for serious or life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Perform cardiac monitoring during and after all infusions of TRUXIMA for patients who develop clinically significant arrhythmias, or who have a history of arrhythmia or angina [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] . 5.8 Renal Toxicity Severe, including fatal, renal toxicity can occur after rituximab product administration in patients with NHL. Renal toxicity has occurred in patients who experience
Contraindications
CONTRAINDICATIONS None. None ( 4 )
Mechanism of action
Mechanism of Action Rituximab-abbs is a monoclonal antibody. Rituximab products target the CD20 antigen expressed on the surface of pre-B and mature B-lymphocytes. Upon binding to CD20, rituximab products mediate B-cell lysis. Possible mechanisms of cell lysis include complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). B cells are believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and associated chronic synovitis. In this setting, B cells may be acting at multiple sites in the autoimmune/inflammatory process, including through production of rheumatoid factor (RF) and other autoantibodies, antigen presentation, T-cell activation, and/or proinflammatory cytokine production.
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